Endive
Cichorium endivia
Also known asCurly endive · Frisée (variety) · Escarole (broad-leaf variety) · Frisée · Escarole · Belgian endive (related blanched form) · Chicory
Environment
The bounded range this crop tolerates.
Climate and zones
- USDA zones
- 4–10 (winter low around -34°C)
- Frost
- frost hardy
- Season
- cool (spring/fall)
Growing systems
Root mass: light.
Growing media
| Medium | pH effect | Retention | Bacterial surface |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rockwool (Mineral wool) | alkaline until pre-soaked | very high | low |
| Expanded clay pebbles (LECA) | neutral / inert | low | high |
| Coco coir (Coconut coir) | slightly acidic | high | moderate |
| Net pot, no medium (Bare-root) | - | - | - |
| Soil-based mix (Potting soil) | varies | high | high |
Nutrient demand by stage
NPK ratios are relative weights. EC targets shift through the plant's life.
| Stage | N | P | K | EC (mS/cm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| seedling | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.6 |
| vegetative | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1.5 |
Aquaponics suitability
Compatible
Fish waste provides enough nitrogen for healthy growth. Supplemental potassium, calcium, and iron may still be needed depending on fish stocking density.
Care notes
An easy hydroponic leafy green for cool-season production. EC 1.0-2.0 mS/cm. pH 5.5-7.0. Temperature: 12–20°C (cool-season; bolts above 24°C). Moderate light (DLI 12-17 mol/m2/day). NFT, DWC, or raft systems work well. From seed to harvest: 5-8 weeks for baby leaf, 8-12 weeks for full heads. The inner leaves are naturally blanched (lighter colored and less bitter) because the outer leaves shade them. For a milder product, tie the outer leaves loosely together with a rubber band 2-3 weeks before harvest to increase blanching of the inner heart. Frisee varieties ('Tres Fine Maraichere', 'Rhodos') are popular in salad mixes; the frilly texture adds visual interest and volume. Escarole varieties ('Batavian Full Heart', 'Sinco') produce larger, sturdier heads suited to cooking. Succession plant every 3-4 weeks for continuous supply. The bitter flavor makes endive a useful complement to sweeter lettuces in mixed salad blends. For commercial hydroponic growers, frisee commands premium prices ($8-15/kg) in foodservice markets that serve French and Mediterranean-influenced cuisine.