Aquarium plant · stem

Rotala indica

Rotala indica

Also known asIndian toothcup · Rotala 'Bonsai'

beginner fast grower medium light no CO2 needed
Max height
40 cm
Growth rate
Fast
Lighting
Medium
Difficulty
Beginner

Water parameters

Temperature
1520253035
1828°C
pH
45.578.5
5.5–7.5
Hardness
0102030
2–15 dGH
·Tolerates brackish
Tolerates cold (unheated)

Light and nutrients

medium light
CO2 not required
CO2 boosts growth and color
water column feeder

Substrate type: rooted. Propagation: stem cutting.

Foreground Midground Background

Substrate compatibility

SubstratepH effectNutrient load
Aquasoil (ADA Amazonia) lowers pH very high
Dirted tank (mineralized topsoil) (DIY soil substrate) slightly acidic very high
Mineralized clay substrate (Seachem Fluorite) neutral / inert moderate
Inert sand (Pool filter sand) neutral / inert none
Inert gravel (Aquarium gravel) neutral / inert none

With fish

Eaten by plant-grazers
May get uprooted
Sensitive to root disturbance

Origin and habitat

A small semiaquatic stem plant of the loosestrife family, Lythraceae, Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne, the Indian toothcup, native to tropical Asia in Bangladesh, India, Thailand and Myanmar, in marshes, rice paddies and shallow water. True R. indica, also sold as Rotala 'Bonsai', is smaller and rounder-leaved than the much more common R. rotundifolia, with which it has long been confused; many plants traded as 'R. indica' are actually R. rotundifolia, and vice versa. Submerged leaves are thin and oval, green to pinkish under good light, while the emersed nursery form has rounder succulent leaves. Beyond the aquarium it is a notorious rice-field weed, introduced and naturalised in Italy, Portugal, the Congo and the rice regions of California and Louisiana, where its prolific seeding makes it a problem.

Care notes

Easy to moderate. It grows in low to high light, with or without CO2, but looks best under moderate to strong light with CO2, where it stays compact with three or four leaves per node and takes on pink tones; in low light it has only two leaves per node and the stems stretch leggy. Plant in groups of five to ten, trim the tops and replant, and the cut stems throw side shoots. The change from round emersed nursery leaves to thin submerged ones takes a week or two, with old leaves often dropping first. Feed moderate nutrients with iron and potassium to support the pink colour. Keep it around 2228°C in soft to moderately hard water. It is a good entry into Rotala without the demands of R. macrandra or R. wallichii. Because it seeds so freely and is an established crop weed, never release it or dump tank water outdoors. It is an ornamental, not a crop, so it is unsuited to media-bed aquaponics or hydroponics.

Further reading